GNU R statistical computing language and environment R is 'GNU S' - A language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is similar to the award-winning S system, which was developed at Bell Laboratories by John Chambers et al. It provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques (linear and nonlinear modelling, statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, clustering, ...). R is designed as a true computer language with control-flow constructions for iteration and alternation, and it allows users to add additional functionality by defining new functions. For computationally intensive tasks, C, C++ and Fortran code can be linked and called at run time. S is the statistician's Matlab and R is to S what Octave is to Matlab. This packages is a meta-package which eases the transition from the pre-1.5.0 package setup with its larger r-base package. Once installed, it can be safely removed and apt-get will automatically upgrade its components during future upgrades. Providing this packages gives a way to users to then only install r-base-core (but not, say, r-base-latex) if they so desire. [3]

GNU R Gnome gui for statistical computing system R is 'GNU S' - A language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is similar to the award-winning S system, which was developed at Bell Laboratories by John Chambers et al. It provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques (linear and nonlinear modelling, statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, clustering, ...). R is designed as a true computer language with control-flow constructions for iteration and alternation, and it allows users to add additional functionality by defining new functions. For computationally intensive tasks, C, C++ and Fortran code can be linked and called at run time. This package provides the dynamic link libraries needed to start GNU R with the GNOME libraries frontend as in "R --gui=GNOME" [3]

GNU R standalone mathematics library R is 'GNU S' - A language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is similar to the award-winning S system, which was developed at Bell Laboratories by John Chambers et al. It provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques (linear and nonlinear modelling, statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, clustering, ...). R is designed as a true computer language with control-flow constructions for iteration and alternation, and it allows users to add additional functionality by defining new functions. For computationally intensive tasks, C, C++ and Fortran code can be linked and called at run time. This packages provides the libRmath shared and static libraries which can be called from standalone C or C++ code. [3]

GNU R collection of recommended packages R is 'GNU S' - A language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is similar to the award-winning S system, which was developed at Bell Laboratories by John Chambers et al. It provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques (linear and nonlinear modelling, statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, clustering, ...). This Debian package contains the R packages that are recommended by the upstream R core team as part of a complete R distribution. It comprises the following packages: - KernSmooth: Functions for kernel smoothing for Wand & Jones (1995) - VR: The MASS, class, nnet and spatial libraries from Venables and Ripley, 'Modern Applied Statistics with S-PLUS' (3rd edition). - boot: Bootstrap R (S-Plus) Functions from the book "Bootstrap Methods and Their Applications" by A.C. Davison and D.V. Hinkley (1997). - cluster: Functions for clustering (by Rousseeuw et al.) - foreign: Read data stored by Minitab, S, SAS, SPSS, Stata, ... - grid: The grid graphics package (required by lattice) - lattice: Implementation of Trellis (R) graphics - mgcv: Multiple smoothing parameter estimation and GAMs by GCV - nlme: Linear and nonlinear mixed effects models - rpart: Recursive partitioning and regression trees - survival: Survival analysis, including penalised likelihood. [3]

Registration Authority (PKI, ITU) [95]

Remote Access (BBS) [95]

Development on this distribution appears to have ceased early in 2000. Distribution development is not all that active. [33]

A generator of LALR parser written by Ruby Racc is LALR(1) parser generator coded for Ruby. Written by Ruby and output Ruby source. [3]

Runtime library for parser which is generated by Racc. Runtime library for parser which is generated by Racc. [3]

Security Tool to audit remote systems Remote Access Session is a security tool to analyze the integrity of systems. The program tries to gain access to a system using the most advanced techniques of remote intrusion. It lets to work on normal mode (fast) and hard mode (more intensive). There is a big difference between "Remote Access Session" and other remote security audit tools: If "Remote Access Session" find a remote vulnerability that gives user account or root, it will try to exploit it and it will return a shell in order to discard false positives. It is actually under development and it just has a few features of the future final version: *Advanced scanning capabilities. This tool doesn't block against firewall and it's fast. *Total service's banner info added: Includes web server detection version and named version, and the classical too (ftp, pop ...) *Writes reports with info of the host analyzed to the hard disk. *Remote OS detect feature with QueSO. *If detects any vulnerability, the tool chooses the right exploits based on version, vendor and OS of the services that run on the remote host and ask you on a interactive way if you want to run these exploits in order to check the real danger the remote host can receive and discard false positives. Includes 69 remote exploits for various OS and services. [3]

DTMF support and utilities for vbox3 raccess4vbox3 provides initial configuration of vbox3, support for DTMF, and comes as a sample answering machine with remote access mode plus example modes for remote control of the system. A set of american voice sound files created with festival is included. [3]

A 3D arcade overhead car game. Race is a 3D racing game where you compete against computer opponents. The objective is to finish first. The setting is mostly off-road. This package contains the executable. [3]

Research and technology development in Advanced Communications technologies in Europe (Europe, predecessor, CORDIS) [95]

Rowbased ASCII Compatible Encoding (ASCII, Internet, DOMAIN, VeriSign/NSI) [95]

Resource Access Control Facility (IBM, MVS/ESA) [95]

Random Access CHannel (GSM, CCCH, mobile-systems) [95]

Rapid Access Disk [95]

Rapid Application Development [toolkit] (Delphi, Borland) [95]

Research And Development [data communications] (manufacturer) [95]

ncurses-bases radio application This is a ncurses-based radio application. It supports the video4linux API. [3]

simple ntp refclock daemon for MSF/WWVB/DCF77 time signals radioclkd takes the demodulated time signals from simple MSF/WWVB/DCF77 time signal receivers on the DCD line of a serial port, decodes the signals, and provides an interface to ntp via the shared memory refclock driver. [3]

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RFC 2138) [95]

Remote Authentication Dial-In user Service. A standard for authentication and accounting, RADIUS is primarily used to control dial-up access to PPP and other services. The protocal was standardized in RFC 2058, the current implementation is defined in RFCs 2138 and 2139. RADIUS uses UDP packets, older servers use ports 1645 and 1646, the current standard is port 1812 for authentication and 1813 for accounting. [32]

RADIUS allows distributed "modem pools" to use the same authentication server. When a user dials-up to an ISPs, the username/password is transmitted across the Internet to the central RADIUS server. This allows an ISP to easily manage many dialin locations. Key point: Since its humble beginnings, RADIUS has spread to become a generic remote authentication service. For example, it is becoming the desired standard to fix IEEE 802.11 wireless authentication problems. random

/bin/login replacement which uses the RADIUS protocol for authentication. Radiusclient is a /bin/login replacement which gets called by a getty to log in a user and to setup the user's login environment. Normal login programs just check the login name and password which the user entered against the local password file (/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow). In contrast to that Radiusclient also uses the RADIUS protocol to authenticate the user. This is the main binary archive. [3]

Radius log parser and report generator. Parses radius detail logfiles and generates pretty reports in plaintext, html, or csv. [3]

Radius server written by Cistron. RADIUS is a means of managing clients' access to network services, and is described by RFCs 2865 to 2869. This GPLed Radius server is not based on any Livingston code. It is compatible with the Livingston-2.01 server though. Over radius-2.01, it has support for Exec-Program on authentication, it is possible to limit the number of concurrent logins reliably, it has tagged attribute support, it can replicate accounting packets, and more. [3]

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server Provides the RADIUS server from Lucent Technologies Inc, formerly Livingston Enterprises Inc. RADIUS is a means of managing clients' access to network services, and is described by RFCs 2865 to 2869. [3]

Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) [95]

Router Advertisement Daemon IPv6 has a lot more support for autoconfiguration than IPv4. But for this autoconfiguration to work on the hosts of a network, the routers of the local network have to run a program which answers the autoconfiguration requests of the hosts. On Linux this program is called radvd, which stands for Router ADVertisement Daemon. This daemon listens to router solicitations (RS) and answers with router advertisement (RA). Furthermore unsolicited RAs are also sent from time to time. [3]

Remote Alarm Indication (DS3/E3) [95]

A group of hard disks under the control of array management software that work together to improve performance and decrease the odds of losing data due to mechanical or electronic failure by using such techniques as data striping. RAID implementations, because of their complexity and steep cost, are most often used on network servers. Several RAID levels exist, each with advantages and disadvantages. See RAID level 0 through RAID level 53. [39]

Redundant Array of Independent / Inexpensive Disks (HDD, RAID) [95]

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks - a method whereby information is spread across several disks, using techniques such as disk striping (RAID Level 0) and disk mirroring (RAID level 1) to achieve redundancy, lower latency and/or higher bandwidth for reading and/or writing, and recoverability from hard-disk crashes. [32]

see redundant arrays of independent disks (RAID). [94]

A method of providing data redundancy, improved performance and/or quick data recoverability from disk crashes, by spreading or duplicating data across multiple disk drives. Commonly used RAID types include RAID 0 (Data Striping), RAID 1 (Disk Mirroring) and RAID 5 (Striping with Distributed Parity). RAID configurations typically require SCSI disk drives (not IDE/EIDE) and may require identical drives (same capacity, brand, etc.). RAID arrays appear to the operating system as a single device. [8]

A redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) scheme that includes data strinping to improve disk performance but offers no protection against data loss due to drive failure. [39]

See RAID level 10. [39]

A redundant array of inexpemive disks (RAID) scheme involving an array of two hard disks with identical contents. RAID level 1 does not employ data striping, so it offers no speed advantage and is not economical. [39]

A redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) implementation that combines the data striping of RAID level 0 with the data-redundancy of RAID level 1. RAID level 10 array have high performance, but are not economical. [39]

A redundant array of inexprnsive disks (RAID) scheme that uses data striping over an array of as many as a bard disks. Several of the drives in the array have copies of data that exist elsewhere, enabling them to catch and fix errors in the outgoing data stream. RAID level 2 is one of the most popular implementations. [39]

A redundant array of inexpemive disks (RAID) implementation very similar to RAID levels 2, in which the level disks that contain the copies of data that appears elsewhere can detect but not fix errors in the outgoing data stream. Though RAID level 3 is slightly slower than RAID level 2 when errors occur, modern hard disks rarely make errors. [39]

A redundant array of inexprnsive disks (RAID) implementation that distributes copies of sectors across an array of hard disked and uses one drive to check for, but not correct, errors in the outgoing data stream. RAID level 4's sector-copying technique is a special type of data striping. [39]

The most commonly used redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) implementation. RAID level 5 uses a sector-based data striping scheme like RAID level 4, but does ant require a special data-checking disk since it distributes that function across the entire array as well. [39]

A redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) scheme that uses data striping on two separate RAID level 3 arrays RAID level 53 arrays are very fast and quite fault-tolerant. [39]

A redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID) implementation that allows two hard disks to fail without loss of data and boasts very good data-reading performance, but also has poor data-writing performance. RAID level 6 is similar to RAID level 5, except that it distributes two copies of the error-checking data across the array. [39]

The raidtools package includes the tools you need to set up and maintain a software RAID device (using two or more disk drives in combination for fault tolerance and improved performance) on a Linux system. It only works with Linux 2.2 kernels and later, or with a 2.0 kernel specifically patched with newer RAID support. [93]

Utilities to support 'old-style' RAID disks The Multiple Device driver's main goal is to group several disks or partitions together, making them look like a single block device. This includes linear adding of disks, RAID-0, RAID-4 and -5. If you are creating new RAID arrays, the raidtools2 package and newer RAID drivers may be a better choice. This package may only installed on systems with a kernel version higher than 2.1.62. With kernels from the 2.4 series or newer, or with 2.2 kernels with the 'new-style' RAID-patches, you should use raidtools2 instead. [3]

Utilities to support 'new-style' RAID disks The Multiple Device driver's main goal is to group several disks or partitions together, making them look like a single block device. This includes linear adding of disks, RAID-0, -1, -4 and -5. 'New-style' RAID arrays have a lot features not present in the 'older' RAID arrays, including autodetection. Old arrays can be upgraded with this package, and it is mostly a good idea to use this package when creating new RAID arrays. In order to use this package, you must have a kernel with 'new-style' RAID drivers, which are included in stock kernels since the 2.4 series. For older kernels, you can find patches at http://people.redhat.com/mingo/raid-patches/. [3]

packet builder for testing IP protocols implementations. rain is a powerful packet builder for testing stability of hardware and software utilizing IP protocols. It offers its users the capability of fully customizing their own packets with a wide variety of command line options. [3]

Random Access Information Retrieval [95]

ReichsAusschuss fuer Lieferbedingungen (IEC 12119) [95]

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (org., UK) [95]

Random Access Memory (RAM, IC) [95]

see random access memory (RAM). [94]

is a block device that can be used as a disk but really points to a physical area of RAM. [40]

An area of random-access memory (RAM) configured by a utility program to emulate a hard disk drive. Data stored in a RAM disk can be accessed more quickly than data stored on a disk drive, but this data is erased whenever you turn off or reboot the computer. See configuration file, device driver, and RAMDRIVE.SYS. [39]

Random Access Memory Digital to Analog Converter (RAM) [95]

Rapid Access Management Information System [95]

Remote Access Maintenance Protocol [95]

Record Archival Management System [95]

query/set image root device, RAM disk size, or video mode [34]

Rural Area Network Design [95]

adj. 1. Unpredictable (closest to mathematical definition); weird. "The system's been behaving pretty randomly." 2. Assorted; undistinguished. "Who was at the conference?" "Just a bunch of random business types." 3. (pejorative) Frivolous; unproductive; undirected. "He's just a random loser." 4. Incoherent or inelegant; poorly chosen; not well organized. "The program has a random set of misfeatures." "That's a random name for that function." "Well, all the names were chosen pretty randomly." 5. In no particular order, though deterministic. "The I/O channels are in a pool, and when a file is opened one is chosen randomly." 6. Arbitrary. "It generates a random name for the scratch file." 7. Gratuitously wrong, i.e., poorly done and for no good apparent reason. For example, a program that handles file name defaulting in a particularly useless way, or an assembler routine that could easily have been coded using only three registers, but redundantly uses seven for values with non-overlapping lifetimes, so that no one else can invoke it without first saving four extra registers. What randomness! 8. n. A random hacker; used particularly of high-school students who soak up computer time and generally get in the way. 9. n. Anyone who is not a hacker (or, sometimes, anyone not known to the hacker speaking); the noun form of sense 2. "I went to the talk, but the audience was full of randoms asking bogus questions". 10. n. (occasional MIT usage) One who lives at Random Hall. See also J. Random, some random X. 11. [UK] Conversationally, a non sequitur or something similarly out-of-the-blue. As in: "Stop being so random!" This sense equates to 'hatstand', taken from the Viz comic character "Roger Irrelevant - He's completely Hatstand." [7]

The main memory of a computer. RAM is used for temporarily storing currently running applications and accessed data. [94]

A chip in the video adapter that converts three digital signals (one for each primary color) into one analog signal that is sent to the monitor. RAMDACs use on-board randomaccess memory (RAM ) to store information before processing it. [39]

semi-random text typer Randtype is a small utility to output characters or lines at random intervals. There are a few command line options to refine the output. With it you can output files to the screen, and if you configured it well, it will look like someone is actually typing - with optional typos even. [3]

generate index to archive. [34]

Remote Access Point [95]

[internet] Route Access Protocol (RFC 1476, Internet) [95]

Resource And Performance Interactive Display system [95]

Real Application on Parallel Systems [95]

Reseaux Associes pour la Recherche Europeenne (org.) [95]

manipulate the system RARP table [34]

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (Internet, RFC 903) [95]

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol daemon RARP is a protocol which allows individual devices on an IP network to get their own IP addresses from the RARP server. You need this daemon only if you have on your LAN machines like diskless Sun boxes. With kernels up to 2.2 you have the option of using the integrated RARP support instead of this daemon. [3]

Adds redundancy files to archives for data recovery. Ras is a program that adds m extra files to a set of n files, such that the contents of the n original files can be regenerated from any n of the n+m original files and extra files. Normally, these extra files will all be 6 bytes larger then the largest of the original files, but ras has a mode in which the extra files are exactly the same size as the original files. Ras was originally intended for transporting a large file split over several floppy disks in a manner resilient to the corruption of a few of the disks, and a pair of example shell scripts to do this (rassplit and rasmerge) is included in the distribution. [3]

Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (IBM) [95]

Remote Access Software [95]

Row Address Strobe (IC, DRAM) [95]

molecule visualization and rendering RasMol is a molecular graphics program intended for the visualisation of proteins, nucleic acids and small molecules. The program is aimed at display, teaching and generation of publication quality images. Currently supported input file formats include Brookhaven Protein Databank (PDB), Tripos' Alchemy and Sybyl Mol2 formats, Molecular Design Limited's (MDL) Mol file format, Minnesota Supercomputer Center's (MSC) XMol XYZ format and CHARMm format files. The loaded molecule may be shown as wireframe, cylinder (drieding) stick bonds, alpha-carbon trace, spacefilling (CPK) spheres, macromolecular ribbons (either smooth shaded solid ribbons or parallel strands), hydrogen bonding and dot surface. Rasmol homepage: http://klaatu.oit.umass.edu:80/microbio/rasmol/ [3]

Unicast and multicast voice-over-IP application RAT is a network audio tool that allows users to participate in audio conferences over the Internet. These can be between two participants directly, or between a group of participants on a common multicast group. No special features are required to use RAT in point-to-point mode, but to use the multicast conferencing facilities of RAT, a connection to the Mbone, or a similar multicast capable network, is required. RAT is based on IETF standards, using RTP above UDP/IP as its transport protocol, and conforming to the RTP profile for audio and video conferences with minimal control. Further information is available on the WWW, at: http://www-mice.cs.ucl.ac.uk/multimedia/software/rat/index.html [3]

Rational Fortran preprocessor for Fortran 77. Ratfor77 is a preprocessor that converts the Rational Fortran dialect into ordinary Fortran 77. The output can then be compiled using g77 or f2c + gcc. The Ratfor dialect provides C-like control structures and some syntactic sugar that makes Fortran programs easier to read and write. [3]

Creates X menus from the shell. This is ratmenu, a simple program that allows you to create X menus from the shell. It is a simplified version of 9menu, with the crucial difference that where 9menu only responds to the mouse, and ignores the keyboard, ratmenu has all mouse sensitivity taken out, and only responds to the keyboard. It is meant to be used with the ratpoison window manager. Although it should work with other window managers, YMMV. [3]

Reliable Asynchronous Transfer Protocol (RFC 916) [95]

Simple window manager with no fat library dependencies. ratpoison is a simple Window Manager with no fat library dependencies, no fancy graphics, no window decorations, and no flashy wank. It is largely modelled after GNU Screen which has done wonders in virtual terminal market. All interaction with the window manager is done through keystrokes. ratpoison has a prefix map to minimize the key clobbering that cripples EMACS and other quality pieces of software. [3]

Radio-Amateur Telecommunications Society (org., USA) [95]

Rough Auditing Tool for Security RATS, the Rough Auditing Tool for Security, is a security auditing utility for C, C++, php, perl, and python code. RATS scans source code, finding potentially dangerous function calls. The goal of rats is not to definitively find bugs (yet), but to provide a reasonable starting point for performing manual security audits. The initial vulnerability database is taken directly from things that could be easily found when starting with the book, "Building Secure Software" by Viega and McGraw. [3]

Relational Advanced Visual Environment [95]

bind a Linux raw character device [34]

Linux IPv4 raw sockets [34]

A mode in which characters entered into the Linux system are read and interpreted one at a time. [32]

Buffered raw audio recorder/player The rawrec/rawplay utilities provide a simple way to record or play back raw audio data. Options exist to control the timing of the run, add silent guard time, jump into data files, set DSP parameters, and control buffer size and latency. rawrec should be particularly useful for scripting applications that need to deal with raw audio data. Compared to bplay, rawrec tries to do less (it only handles raw audio) and does it more correctly (all the options work right for raw audio. I think :). rawrec can work to or from standard io, so if you also get the sox program, you will be able to record and play a wide variety of sound formats. You will need a mixer program, such as aumix. [3]

a software developer who has written a number of important Open Source programs including fetchmail and sed. Eric also maintains 8 FAQs, amd has written a number of influential papers including The Cathedral and the Bazaar: an analysis of how and why the Linux development model works. [32]

spam-catcher using a collaborative filtering network Vipul's Razor is a distributed, collaborative, spam detection and filtering network. Razor establishes a distributed and constantly updating catalogue of spam in propagation. This catalogue is used by clients to filter out known spam. On receiving a spam, a Razor Reporting Agent (run by an end-user or a troll box) calculates and submits a 20-character unique identification of the spam (a SHA Digest) to its closest Razor Catalogue Server. The Catalogue Server echos this signature to other trusted servers after storing it in its database. Prior to manual processing or transport-level reception, Razor Filtering Agents (end-users and MTAs) check their incoming mail against a Catalogue Server and filter out or deny transport in case of a signature match. Catalogued spam, once identified and reported by a Reporting Agent, can be blocked out by the rest of the Filtering Agents on the network. [3]

constantly changing 3D stereogram generator razzle generates constantly changing 3D stereograms using SVGAlib. For instructions on viewing stereograms, please see /usr/doc/razzle/README or the man page. WARNING! if you have an epileptic condition, *READ* /usr/doc/razzle/README. [3]

Relative Byte Address [95]

restricted bash, see bash(1) [34]

Remote Bulletin Board System (BBS) [95]

Random Block Filemanager (OS-9) [95]

Remote Bridge Hub [95]

Realtime Blackhole List (Internet, SPAM) [95]

Tool to Query RBL Servers This program is a very basic interface to DNS listings such as the RBL filter developed by Paul Vixie and the MAPS project. The basic idea of the filter is that when someone is blacklisted for email abuse of some sort, a new domain name is resolved of the form "2.0.0.127.domain.name.com", where 2.0.0.127 is the abusive IP address in reverse (for example, 2.0.0.127 would be the IP address 127.0.0.2), and "domain.name.com" is the base domain name of the filtering service (such as "blackholes.mail-abuse.org" for the MAPS project RBL filter). [3]

Realtime Batch Monitor (OS, Xerox) [95]

Remote Bridge Management Software [95]

Regional Bell Operating Company (USA) [95]

Remote Boot Daemon The rbootd daemon is used for booting some HP workstations over the network (such as the 9000/300 and 9000/400 series). It can also boot PA RISC workstations. It handles the first stage of the boot sequence and can be used to start booting Linux, NetBSD or HPUX. [3]

An implementation of the AT&T Plan 9 shell. rc is a command interpreter and programming language similar to sh(1). It is based on the AT&T Plan 9 shell of the same name. The shell offers a C-like syntax (much more so than the C shell), and a powerful mechanism for manipulating variables. It is reasonably small and reasonably fast, especially when compared to contemporary shells. Its use is intended to be interactive, but the language lends itself well to scripts. [3]

Reconfigurable Computer / Computing (RL) [95]

Region Co-ordinator (FidoNet) [95]

Release Candidate (MS) [95]

Return Code (REXX, ...) [95]

Routing Control [95]

A script file containing the startup instructions for a program (an application or even the operating system). The file, to be executed automatically when the operating system is started, contains a list of instructions (commands or other scripts) to run. [8]

Script file containing startup instructions for an application program (or an entire operating system), usually a text file containing commands of the sort that might have been invoked manually once the system was running but are to be executed automatically each time the system starts up. [32]

A popular symmetric block-cipher alogirthm created by Ron Rivest>. It allows keys between 1 and 2048 bits, though most implementations limits keys to 40-bits due to historic export controls. History: The algorithm was a trade-secret until it was posted anonymously in 1996 to USENET. Applications: SSL, SET [96]

Ron's Code 2/4 (cryptography), "RC2/4" [95]

A symmetric stream cipher developed by RSA Data Security, Inc.. Whereas most ciphers have been optimized for hardware (e.g. DES), RC4 was optimized for software. Applications: SSL, which means RC4 is built into your Netscape and Microsoft web browser. CDPD (Cellular) connections for your Palm modem using OmniSky. Lotus Notes, MS Access, Adobe Acrobat, PPTP, Oracle Secure SQL. IEEE 802.11 WEP Key point: RC4 supports variable length keys (up to 2048-bits), but most uses are 40-bits due to historic export controls. History: The algorithm was a trade-secret until 1994 when somebody reverse engineered it and anonymously posted it to the cypherpunks list and USENET. This reverse engineered version is known as "Arcfour" or "ARC4", which stands for "Alleged RC4". It isn't patented. Therefore, RSA Inc. is trying to move all its customers to RC5, which is both patented and copyrighted. The source code is essentially: while (length--) { x++; sx = state[x]; y += sx; sy = state[y]; state[y] = sx; state[x] = sy; *data++ ^= state[(sx+sy)&0xFF];} RSA Inc. still claims that it is a trade secret; however, due to its simplicity, its description is in virtually all crypto textbooks -- it is the most widely known secret on the net. Key point: RC4 works by XORing the plain-text against a stream of random numbers. Unless a whitening seed is provided at the begining, the plain-text may be recovered. This is a common bug in products. [96]

Rivest Cipher 5 (RFC 2040, cryptography) [95]

The successor to RC4. Key point: In order to promote RC5, RSA conducts contests that pay people if they can crack it. The first contest used a 56-bit key, took 212 days to crack by http://www.distributed.net/ using a total of roughly 1-million computers trying all possible 35,000,000,000,000,000 combinations. The message was "It is time to move to a longer key length.", and it was encrypted using the key 0x532B744CC20999. [96]

A symbolic calculator for the GNOME desktop. rCalc is a scientific calculator for the GNOME desktop environment. It aims to occupy the middle ground between simple 'point-and-click' calculators and full featured mathematical packages, and hopefully take some of the best of both worlds. [3]

Reserve Component Automation System [95]

Radio Common Carrier [95]

Regional Control Center [95]

Remote Cluster Controller [95]

Routing Control Center [95]

Debian Runlevel configuration tool This tool configures system services in connection with system runlevels. It turns on/off services using the scripts in /etc/init.d/. Rcconf works with both System-V style and file-rc runlevel configuration. It is a TUI frontend to the update-rc.d command. [3]

Console frontend to DCTC - Direct Connect (peer-based file-sharing) RCCP (Red Connect Console Program) is text front-end for the dctc program. Dctc handles all communication with dchubs and clients. RCCP is designed to allow both scripting and command line interaction. Besides supporting all the basic Direct Connect commands such as downloading, searching, uploading, resuming, multihub search etc RCCP can be scripted. Selected scripts from many included with the package: * multi hub spider search * last seen user script (ala irc !seen script) * list all files from all users * download bot - watches query results and downloads all of them * segmented downloading * ... plus many more ... Direct Connect protocol is intended for peer-based file-sharing. In practise it works better than gnutella and other similar systems as it allows dc hubs (servers) administators to require clients to share specified amount of data. The amount is usually based on type of client's connection and it is used not to hurt or exclude anybody but to make file sharing "fair play". [3]

Receiver-Carrier Detector [95]

Regional Code Enhancement (DVD) [95]

Resident Command Extension (DOS) [95]

Reader's Comment Form (IBM) [95]

Remote Call-Forwarding [95]

Remote Common Gateway Interface (CGI, WWW, Novell) [95]

Runtime Control Library [95]

Remote Carrier Module [95]

OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program) [34]

Remote Copy Program [95]

change RCS file attributes [34]

Overview of RCS. RCS, the revision control system, is a suite of programs that tracks changes in text files and controls shared access to files in work group situations. It is generally used to maintain source code modules. It lends itself to tracking revisions of document files as well. RCS was written by Walter F. Tichy and Paul Eggert. The latest version which has been ported to Linux is RCS Version 5.7. There is also a semi-official, threaded version available. Much of the information in this HOWTO is taken from the RCS man pages. RCS includes the rcs(1) program, which controls RCS archive file attributes, ci(1) and co(1), which check files in and out of RCS archives, ident(1), which searches RCS archives by keyword identifiers, rcsclean(1), a program to clean up files that are not being worked on or haven't changed, rcsdiff(1), which runs diff(1) to compare the revisions, rcsmerge(1), which merges two RCS branches into a single working file, and rlog(1), which prints RCS log messages. Files archived by RCS may be text of any format, or binary if the diff program used to generate change files handles 8-bit data. Files may optionally include identification strings to aid in tracking by ident(1). RCS uses the utilities diff(1) and diff3(3) to generate the change files between revisions. A RCS archive consists of the initial revision of a file, which is version 1.1, and a series of change files, one for each revision. Each time a file is checked out of an archive with co(1), edited, and checked back into the archive with ci(1), the version number is increased, for example, to 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, and so on for successive revisions. The archives themselves commonly reside in a ./RCS subdirectory, although RCS has other options for archive storage. For an overview of RCS, see the rcsintro(1) manual page. [12]

Reloadable Control Storage [95]

Remote Connection Service (IBM, OS/2, LAN) [95]

Resource Construction Set [95]

Revision Control System (Unix, CM, GNU) [95]

The GNU Revision Control System The Revision Control System (RCS) manages multiple revisions of files. RCS automates the storing, retrieval, logging, identification, and merging of revisions. RCS is useful for text that is revised frequently, for example programs, documentation, graphics, papers, and form letters. [3]

A suite of programs that controls shared access to files in a group environment and tracks text file changes. Generally used for maintaining programming source code modules. [8]

LaTeX macro package for handling RCS keywords This allows the user to typeset RCS keywords in their document without being concerned about dollar signs and the like. [3]

generates a changelog from RCS files [34]

clean up working files [34]

compare RCS revisions [34]

freeze a configuration of sources checked in under RCS [34]

merge RCS revisions [34]

Rewritable Consumer Time Code (video) [95]

Resistor-Capacitor-Transistor Logic [95]

Receive Data (MODEM) [95]

Recursive Design (CASE) [95]

Remove Directory (DOS, OS/2) [95]

Research and Development, "R&D" [95]

Route Descriptor [95]

Remote Database Access (ISO, OSI) [95]

Set the system's date from a remote host. Rdate displays and sets the local date and time from the host name or address given as the argument. It uses the RFC868 protocol which is usually implemented as a built-in service of inetd(1). [3]

The rdate utility retrieves the date and time from another machine on your network, using the protocol described in RFC 868. If you run rdate as root, it will set your machine's local time to the time of the machine that you queried. [93]

Receive Data Buffer [95]

Relational DataBase (DB) [95]

Rigid Disk Block (Amiga, Commodore) [95]

Relational DataBase Management System (DBMS, DB) [95]

Relational DataBase Management System - Management Information Base (DB), "RDBMS-MIB" [95]

Remote Data Connector [95]

Random Digital Dial [95]

Replaceable Database Driver (Clipper, CA-VO, DB) [95]

Received Data Enable [95]

Remote Data Entry System [95]

rdesktop is an open source client for Windows NT Terminal Server and Windows 2000 Terminal Services, capable of natively speaking Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) in order to present the user's NT desktop. Unlike Citrix ICA, noserver extensions are required. rdesktop currently runs on most UNIX based platforms with the X Window System, and other ports should be fairly straightforward.[4]

RDP client for Windows NT/2000 Terminal Server rdesktop is an open source client for Windows NT/2000 Terminal Server, capable of natively speaking its Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) in order to present the user's NT/2000 desktop. Unlike Citrix ICA, no server extensions are required. [3]

A utility for obtaining information about a Linux system. It is used to query and set the image root device, the video mode, the swap device and a RAM disk. [8]

query/set image root device, RAM disk size, or video mode [34]

A utility which can be used to obtain information about your Linux system. It can query/set the image root device, the swap device, the RAM disk size or video mode. [32]

Rate Decrease Factor [95]

Record Definition Field [95]

Resource Description Framework (IBM, Netscape, MS, ..., WWW) [95]

RSA-DES-Hybridverschluesselung (cryptography, HBCI) [95]

Remote Defect Identification / Indicator (UNI) [95]

Binary diff tool for signature-based differences rdiff is a little like diff and patch all rolled into one, with support for binary files. rdiff is a tool to do this. [3]

Backup program to use deltas for history rdiff-backup is a script that backs up one directory to another. The target directory ends up a copy of the source directory, but extra reverse diffs are stored in a special subdirectory of that target directory, so you can still recover files lost some time ago. The idea is to combine the best features of a mirror and an incremental backup. rdiff-backup also preserves subdirectories, symlinks, special files, permissions, uid/gid ownership (if it is running as root), and modification times. Finally, rdiff-backup can operate in a bandwidth efficient manner over a pipe, like rsync. Thus you can use rdiff-backup and ssh to securely back a hard drive up to a remote location, and only the differences will be transmitted. [3]

is an open source program to maintain identical copies of files over multiple hsots. It preserves the owner, group, mode, and mtime of files if possible and can update programs that are executing. Almost all versions of UNIX include rdist. However, most that do include a very old version sometimes referred to as "4.2BSD rdist", "rdist classic", or "rdsit version 3". [76]

Remote file distribution client and server. Rdist is a program to maintain identical copies of files over multiple hosts. It preserves the owner, group, mode, and mtime of files if possible and can update programs that are executing. [3]

The RDist program maintains identical copies of files on multiple hosts. If possible, RDist will preserve the owner, group, mode, andmtime of files and it can update programs that are executing. [93]

Relational Database Language (DB) [95]

Remote Digital Loopback [95]

Radio Data Link Access Protocol (MODACOM), "RD-LAP" [95]

Relational Data Modeler [95]

Reliably Delivered Message [95]

Relative Distinguished Name (X.500) [95]

Research Data Network Cooperative Research Centre (org., Australia) [95]

??? (CICS, IBM) [95]

??? (CICS, IBM) [95]

Remote Data Objects (DB) [95]

Reliable Datagram Protocol [95]

Remote Desktop Protocol (MS) [95]

Remote Display Protocol (MS, Windows NT, ASP) [95]

Request Data with Reply (Feldbus) [95]

Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory (RAM, IC, Rambus) [95]

Rapidly Deployable Radio Networks (USA, Uni Kansas) [95]

Radio Digital System [95]

Rapid Development System (DB, Informix) [95]

Remote Data Services [95]

Region Digital Switched Network [95]

Radio Digital Terminal [95]

Restricted Data Transmissions [95]

RD document formatter RD is Ruby's POD. RDtool is formatter for RD. [3]

Emacs-lisp rd-mode for writing RD document Emacs major mode for RD editing. [3]

Research and Engineering, "R&E" [95]

Russian Anywhere -- russian text converter Russian Anywhere is a russian character decoding program. It allow transfer russian characters between different codepages. It's main purpose is to convert damaged russian e-mail messages to readable form and also may be used to convert files from/to known and unknown codepages. [3]

Tool for generating fast C-based recognizers re2c is a great tool for writing fast and flexible lexers. Unlike other such tools, re2c concentrates solely on generating efficient code for matching regular expressions. Not only does this singleness make re2c more suitable for a wider variety of applications, it allows us to generate scanners which approach hand-crafted ones in terms of size and speed. [3]

Research and Educational Applications of Computers in the Humanities [95]

Relative Element Address Designate (cryptography) [95]

hardware information-gathering tool for VESA PnP monitors read-edid consists of two tools; get-edid uses a VESA VBE 2 interrupt service routine request to read a 128 byte EDID version 1 structure from your graphics card, which retrieves this information from the monitor via the Data Display Channel (DDC). parse-edid parses this data structure and outputs data about the monitor suitable for inclusion into an XF86Config file. get-edid uses real-mode x86 instructions to communicate with the video hardware; therefore, it is usable only by root, and this package is only available for the i386 architecture. [3]

A file that can be read (copied, and so on) but not written (changed). Linux has a system of permissions that enables the owner of the file, the owner's group, or all users to have or not have permission to read, write, or execute file. [32]

Data or storage device that can be accessed and read but cannot be modified. [94]

Displays information about ELF files. [34]

The Readline library provides a set of functions that allow users to edit command lines. Both Emacs and vi editing modes are available. The Readline library includes additional functions for maintaining a listof previously-entered command lines for recalling or editing thoselines, and for performing csh-like history expansion on previous commands. [93]

display target of symbolic link on standard output [34]

read value of a symbolic link [34]

A roadmap of your source distribution. By ancient convention, this is the first file intrepid explorers will read after unpacking the source. [32]

A text file that comes with some software and gives information on the program, often additional information not found in the manual. [94]

Any essential information. This is usually an explanation of what the package does, promotional material, and anything special that need be done to install the package. [40]

n. Hacker's-eye introduction traditionally included in the top-level directory of a Unix source distribution, containing a pointer to more detailed documentation, credits, miscellaneous revision history, notes, etc. (The file may be named README, or READ.ME, or rarely ReadMe or readme.txt or some other variant.) In the Mac and PC worlds, software is not usually distributed in source form, and the README is more likely to contain user-oriented material like last-minute documentation changes, error workarounds, and restrictions. When asked, hackers invariably relate the README convention to the famous scene in Lewis Carroll's "Alice's Adventures In Wonderland" in which Alice confronts magic munchies labeled "Eat Me" and "Drink Me". [7]

a tool to read kernel profiling information [34]

[Biology] Conversion between sequence formats Reads and writes nucleic/protein sequences in various formats. Data files may have multiple sequences. Readseq is particularly useful as it automatically detects many sequence formats, and converts between them. URL: ftp://ftp.bio.indiana.edu/molbio/readseq/version1 [3]

adj. Not simulated. Often used as a specific antonym to virtual in any of its jargon senses. [7]

1. [techspeak] adj. Describes an application which requires a program to respond to stimuli within some small upper limit of response time (typically milli- or microseconds). Process control at a chemical plant is the canonical example. Such applications often require special operating systems (because everything else must take a back seat to response time) and speed-tuned hardware. 2. adv. In jargon, refers to doing something while people are watching or waiting. "I asked her how to find the calling procedure's program counter on the stack and she came up with an algorithm in real time." [7]

a real-time operating system is able to execute all of its tasks without violating specified timing constraints. [32]

n. 1. A commercial user. One who is paying real money for his computer usage. 2. A non-hacker. Someone using the system for an explicit purpose (a research project, a course, etc.) other than pure exploration. See user. Hackers who are also students may also be real users. "I need this fixed so I can do a problem set. I'm not complaining out of randomness, but as a real user." See also luser. [7]

n. 1. Those institutions at which 'programming' may be used in the same sentence as 'FORTRAN', 'COBOL', 'RPG', 'IBM', 'DBASE', etc. Places where programs do such commercially necessary but intellectually uninspiring things as generating payroll checks and invoices. 2. The location of non-programmers and activities not related to programming. 3. A bizarre dimension in which the standard dress is shirt and tie and in which a person's working hours are defined as 9 to 5 (see code grinder). 4. Anywhere outside a university. "Poor fellow, he's left MIT and gone into the Real World." Used pejoratively by those not in residence there. In conversation, talking of someone who has entered the Real World is not unlike speaking of a deceased person. It is also noteworthy that on the campus of Cambridge University in England, there is a gaily-painted lamp-post which bears the label 'REALITY CHECKPOINT'. It marks the boundary between university and the Real World; check your notions of reality before passing. This joke is funnier because the Cambridge 'campus' is actually coextensive with the center of Cambridge town. See also fear and loathing, mundane, and uninteresting. [7]

Return the canonicalized absolute pathname The package contains a small utility realpath, which converts each pathname argument to an absolute pathname, which has no components that are symbolic links or the special . or .. directory. [3]

Programming game RealTimeBattle is a programming game in which robots controlled by programs are fighting each other. The goal is to destroy the enemies, using the radar to examine the environment and the cannon to shoot. Robot programs can be written in any language, all communication with the main program is done via stdout/stdin. [3]

reboot or enable/disable Ctrl-Alt-Del [34]

stop the system. [34]

To restart a computer without turning off the power. [94]

English text speech synthesizer Recite is a program to do speech synthesis. The quality of sound produced is not terribly good, but it should be adequate for reporting the occasional error message verbally. Given some English text, recite will convert it to a series of phonemes, then convert the phonemes to a sequence of vocal tract parameters, and then synthesise the sound a vocal tract would make to say the sentence. Recite can perform a subset of these operations, so it can be used to convert text into phonemes, or to produce an utterance based on vocal tract parameters computed by some other program. [3]

Character set conversion utility. Free 'recode' converts files between character sets and usages. When exact transliterations are not possible, it may get rid of the offending characters or fall back on approximations. This program recognizes or produces nearly 150 different character sets and is able to transliterate files between almost any pair. Most RFC 1345 character sets are supported. [3]

The GNU recode utility converts files between various character sets. [4]

Save and index notes in Emacs environment Records-mode is a major mode for editing and indexing notes. Notes are per-day files containing one or more subjects, subjects from different days are indexed and can be traversed, etc. [3]

Save and index notes in Emacs environment Records-mode is a major mode for editing and indexing notes. Notes are per-day files containing one or more subjects, subjects from different days are indexed and can be traversed, etc. [3]

Save and index notes in Emacs environment Records-mode is a major mode for editing and indexing notes. Notes are per-day files containing one or more subjects, subjects from different days are indexed and can be traversed, etc. [3]

Undelete files on ext2 partitions Recover automates some steps as described in the ext2-undeletion howto. This means it seeks all the deleted inodes on your hard drive with debugfs. When all the inodes are indexed, recover asks you some questions about the deleted file. These questions are: * Hard disk device name * Year of deletion * Month of deletion * Weekday of deletion * First/Last possible day of month * Min/Max possible file size * Min/Max possible deletion hour * Min/Max possible deletion minute * User ID of the deleted file * A text string the file included (can be ignored) If recover found any fitting inodes, it asks to give a directory name and dumps the inodes into the directory. Finally it asks you if you want to filter the inodes again (in case you typed some wrong answers). [3]

RIP is a CD or floppy boot/rescue/backup system. It has support for a lot of filesystem types (Reiserfs, ext2/3, iso9660, UDF, XFS, JFS, UFS, HPFS, MINIX, MS DOS, NTFS, UMSDOS, and VFAT) and contains a bunch of utilities for system recovery. It might also be possible to install and boot it from a LS-120 floppy drive. It has been designed for non-networked stand-alone home PC hard drive booting and rescue. Only the CD version has UDF/HPFS/MINIX/XFS/JFS filesystem support. V51 was released March 21, 2002. V53 was released June 15, 2003. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. [33]

text editor [34]

Red Flag also claims to be the leading Linux OS provider in China. Redflag Linux Desktop 3.2 beta was released August 12, 2002. [33]

Red Hat, Inc. is perhaps the best known distribution. Red Hat Linux 9 became available to Red Hat Network subscribers on March 31, 2003 and generally available on April 7, 2003. [33]

Esfia, Inc. is based in Taipei, Taiwan. Its RedBlue Linux is used in the company's BlueTooth enabled PDA. [33]

redhat-config-date is a graphical interface for changing the system date and time, configuring the system time zone, and setting up the NTP daemon to synchronize the time of the system with a NTP time server. [93]

A graphical configuration tool for the Apache Web server. [93]

redhat-config-keyboard is a graphical user interface that allows the user to change the default keyboard of the system. [93]

redhat-config-kickstart is a graphical tool for creating kickstart files. [93]