A FORTRAN 77 to C/C++ translator, plus static & shared libs. f2c translates FORTRAN 77 (with some extensions) into C, so that it can then be compiled and run on a system with no Fortran compiler. The C files must then be linked against the appropriate libraries. This is an actively maintained FORTRAN to C translator and with the fort77 frontend provides an ideal way to compile FORTRAN routines as black boxes (for example for invocation from C). Source level debugging facilities are not available, and error messages are not as well developed as in g77. [3]

FORTRAN to C [converter] [95]

Frequency - Double Frequency [95]

FernmeldeAmt (Telekom) [95]

Flow Admission Acknowledge [message] (LFAP) [95]

Fast Access Btree Structure [95]

Final Assembly Code (IMEI, GSM, mobile-systems) [95]

Fast Associated Control CHannel (GSM, DCCH, mobile-systems) [95]

Framed Access Command Environment (Unix, SVR4) [95]

Faces is a program for visually monitoring a list (typically a list of incoming mail messages, a list of jobs in a print queue or a list ofsystem users). Faces operates in five different modes: monitoring fornew mail, monitoring an entire mail file, monitoring a specified printqueue, monitoring users on a machine and custom monitoring. Faces also includes a utility for including a face image (a compressed, scannedimage) with mail messages. The image has to be compressed in a certain way, which can then be uncompressed and displayed on-the-fly in the mail program. This feature of faces is typically used with the exmh mailhandling system. Install faces if you'd like to use its list monitoring capability orits face image inclusion capability. If you would like to include face images in email, you'll also need to install the faces-xface package. If you would like to develop xface applications, you'll need to also install faces-devel. [4]

Firmware ACPI Control Structure (ACPI) [95]

System used to transmit textual or graphical images over standard telephone lines. [44]

prints prime factors [34]

Fast Amsterdam Distributed (???) Operating System (OS, FAMP) [95]

Fixed ACPI Description Table (ACPI) [95]

File Access Data Unit (FTAM) [95]

Field Application Engineer [95]

FernmeldeAnlagenGesetz DFUe, Germany [95]

Fully Automatic Installation FAI is a non interactive system to install a Debian Linux operating system on a PC cluster. You can take one or more virgin PCs, turn on the power and after a few minutes Linux is installed, configured and running on the whole cluster, without any interaction necessary. Homepage: http://www.informatik.uni-koeln.de/fai [3]

A philosophic point of view. When a system fails, how should it leave things: secure or unsecure? For example, if a firewall crashes, should it disable all network connectivity, or should it allow network connectivity to continue unprotected? A lot of security vulnerabilities occur because designers make the wrong choice. It is often easier to cause a system to fail than to break through it, so security items should probably fail in such a way to result in greater security at the expensive of stopping everything. Confusion: The terms "fail-open" and "fail-close" are frequently used to mean the opposite of each other. Some people think of a door, which when "open" allows things to pass through. Other people think of an electrical circuit, when "open" stops the flow of current (and conversely, a "closed" circuit passes current). Therefore, use the word "fail-safe" instead in order to avoid confusion. Analogy: The electrical circuit-breakers in your home are fail-safe switches using this concept. In the case of an electrical fault causing a short, the circuit breaker will blow open, halting the flow of electricity. This prevents a fire from starting. [96]

examine faillog and set login failure limits [34]

Login failure logging file [34]

Finnish Artificial Intelligence Society (org., Finland, AI) [95]

IP address takeover tool Fake is a utility that enables the IP address be taken over by bringing up a second interface on the host machine and using gratuitous arp. Designed to switch in backup servers on a LAN. [3]

Gives a fake root environment. This package is intended to enable something like: dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot i.e. to remove the need to become root for a package build. This is done by setting LD_PRELOAD to libfakeroot.so, which provides wrappers around getuid, chown, chmod, mknod, stat, ..., thereby creating a fake root environment. If you don't understand any of this, you do not need fakeroot! [3]

File Access Listener (DEC, DNA) [95]

A port of NetHack using SDL Falcon's Eye is a mouse-driven interface for NetHack that enhances the visuals, audio and accessibility of the game, yet retains all the original gameplay and game features. NetHack is a single player dungeon exploration game that runs on a wide variety of computer systems, with a variety of graphical and text interfaces all using the same game engine. Unlike many other Dungeons & Dragons-inspired games, the emphasis in NetHack is on discovering the detail of the dungeon and not simply killing everything in sight - in fact, killing everything in sight is a good way to die quickly. Each game presents a different landscape - the random number generator provides an essentially unlimited number of variations of the dungeon and its denizens to be discovered by the player in one of a number of characters: you can pick your race, your role, and your gender. [3]

do nothing, unsuccessfully [34]

False login shell Strange kind of 'shell' which don't let the user to log in. Before the next login prompt falselogin gives some info to the user. [3]

FAM, the File Alteration Monitor, provides a daemon and an API which applications can use for notification of changes in specific files ordirectories. [93]

File Alteration Monitor FAM monitors files and directories, notifying interested applications of changes. This package provides a server that can monitor a given list of files and notify applications through a socket. If the imon pseudo device driver is loaded into the kernel, it notifies FAM. Otherwise it has to poll the files' status. FAM can also provide a RPC service for monitoring remote files (such as on a mounted NFS filesystem). [3]

FORMEX Applied to Multilingualism in Europe (SGML, Europe) [95]

The Familiar Project is composed of a group of loosely knit developers all contributing to creating the next generation of PDA OS. Currently, most development time is geared towards producing a stable, and full featured Linux distribution for the Compaq iPAQ h3600-series of handheld computers, as well as apps to run on top of the distribution. Familiar v0.5.3 was released July 11, 2002. Familiar v0.6.1 was released January 9, 2003. [33]

Floating gate Avalanche injection Metal Oxide Semiconductor (IC) [95]

Fast Amsterdam MultiProcessor [95]

Flow Attribute Notification Protocol (Toshiba, RFC 2129) [95]

Family Application Programmer Interface (DOS, VDM, API) [95]

/F-A-Q/ or /fak/ n. [Usenet] 1. A Frequently Asked Question. 2. A compendium of accumulated lore, posted periodically to high-volume newsgroups in an attempt to forestall such questions. Some people prefer the term 'FAQ list' or 'FAQL' /fa'kl/, reserving 'FAQ' for sense 1. This lexicon itself serves as a good example of a collection of one kind of lore, although it is far too big for a regular FAQ posting. Examples: "What is the proper type of NULL?" and "What's that funny name for the # character?" are both Frequently Asked Questions. Several FAQs refer readers to this file. [7]

An Acronym for Frequently Asked Questions, these are lists of questions that occur frequently on Usenet newsgroups, they are posted at regular intervals and archived at several sites. You should always read the FAQ (if there is one) for a group before posting a message, or risk being flamed. [42]

Frequently Asked Questions (slang, Usenet) [95]

FAQs are documents that list and answer the most common questions on a particular subject. There are hundreds of FAQs on subjects as diverse as Pet Grooming and Cryptography. FAQs are usually written by people who have tired of answering the same question over and over. [5]

Online interactive FAQ CGI Creates updatable web-based FAQs with CGI. It keeps cumulative statistics about hits. Highly customizable to permit only those you choose to update the FAQ, or to allow anyone to change it depending on your requirements. It will also generate a cache of static pages if desired so that most accesses to unchanging data will be served directly through your webserver without the overhead of CGI. If you want to generate graphs of access statistics, install the libgd-perl package as well. [3]

False Acception Rate [95]

Fixed Alternative Routing (SNI) [95]

Flow Admission Request [message] (LFAP) [95]

Federation of American Research NETworks (network) [95]

Flow Admission Service [95]

Fast Analysis of Shared Multidimensional Information (OLAP) [95]

First Application System Test [95]

Forschungsinstitut fuer Angewandte Software-Technologie [e.v.] (org.) [95]

[Biology] A tool for construction of phylogenetic trees of DNA sequences fastDNAml is a program derived from Joseph Felsenstein's version 3.3 DNAML (part of his PHYLIP package). Users should consult the documentation for DNAML before using this program. fastDNAml is an attempt to solve the same problem as DNAML, but to do so faster and using less memory, so that larger trees and/or more bootstrap replicates become tractable. Much of fastDNAml is merely a recoding of the PHYLIP 3.3 DNAML program from PASCAL to C. URL: http://geta.life.uiuc.edu/~gary/programs/fastDNAml.html [3]

Jar creation utility Replacement for Suns .jar creation program. It is written in C instead of java and is tons faster. It is currently not complete. [3]

[Biology] A faster version of pedigree programs of Linkage Fastlink is much faster than the original Linkage but does not implement all the programs. [3]

File Allocation Table (DOS) [95]

see file allocation table (FAT). [94]

A hidden table of every cluster on a floppy or hard disk. The FAT records how files are stored in distinct - and not necessarily contiguous - clusters. Viruses also like to hide out in the FAT; make sute youur virus-checking software loooks there for malicious programs. A file allocation table uses a simple method, much like a scavenger hunt, to keep track of data. The directory file stores the address of the file's first cluster. In the entry for the second cluster is the address of the third cluster, and so on, until the last cluster entry, which contains an end-of0-file code. Because this table provides only a menas for finding data on a disk, DOS creates and maintains two copies of the FAT in case one is damaged. [39]

An error in a program that, at best causes the program to abort, and, at worst causes a crash with losss of data. Bulletproff programs are supposed to be immune to fatal errors, but they usually are not. [39]

Software that is so laden with features, or is designed so inefficiently, that it monopolizes huge chunks of hard disk space, random-access memory (RAM), and microprocesssor power. Fatware is one of the undesirable result of creeping featurism. [39]

Flow Admission Update [message] (LFAP) [95]

Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet (org., Erlangen, Germany, Nuernberg, Germany) [95]

Backup System using a Filesystem for Storage This Program uses a filesystem on a hard drive for incremental and full backups. All Backups can easily be accessed by standard filesystem tools (ls, find, grep, cp, ...) Later Backups to the same filesystem will automatically be incremental, as unchanged files are only hard-linked with the existing version of the file. [3]

The capability of a computer system to cope with internal hardware problems without interrupting the system's performance, often by automatically bringing backup systems online whenever computers are assigned critical functions, such as guiding aircraft to a safe landing or ensuring a steady flow of medicines to a patient. Fault tolerance also is beneficial for non-critical everyday applications. [39]

Forschungsinstitut fuer Anwendungsorientierte Wissensverarbeitung (org., KI, Ulm) [95]

Fiber optic Backbone [95]

FarbBild-AustastSystem / Farb-Bild-Austast-Synchron-signal (video) [95]

Packet radio mailbox and utilities. The fbb package contains software written by f6fbb for setting up a packet radio mailbox. It is intended for amateur radio operators. A short overview of some of the binaries: o fbb: Script to start the daemon. o xfbbd: The daemon which listens for incoming connects. o epurmess: Delete messages based on age. o epurwp: White Pages maintenance. o reqdir: FBB server which requests directory listings. o xfbbC: B/W Ncurses console for xfbbd. [3]

Documentation for fbb, the packet radio mailbox This package provides documentation on setting up a packet radio mailbox with fbb. [3]

A console getty with and without frame buffer capability fbgetty is a console getty, which supports frame buffers. It also uses an extend issue field and refreshes the displayed issue, when an VT (Virtual Terminal) is activated. [3]

linux FrameBuffer Imageviewer This is a image viewer for linux framebuffer devices. It has buildin support for a number of common formats. For unknown files it tries to use convert from the ImageMagick package as external converter. [3]

Frame Burst error Length (CD) [95]

Converts images to framebuffer-logo header file fblogo takes an image as input and generates an appropriate linux_logo.h which can simply be included in the kernel. It will be displayed when the framebuffer device is enabled. You can also use it to generate full screen splash screens for the Linux Progress Patch. It will work for 2.2.x, 2.4.x and 2.5.x kernels. [3]

Flexible Buffer Management (QMS) [95]

Flexible Bandwidth Service (ATM, SDH) [95]

Fbset is a utility for maintaining frame buffer resolutions. Fbsetcan change the video mode properties of a frame buffer device, and is usually used to change the current video mode. Install fbset if you need to manage frame buffer resolutions. [93]

Framebuffer device maintenance program. Program to modify settings for the framebuffer devices (/dev/fb?) on Linux, like depth, virtual resolution, timing parameters etc. This program is useful for all Linux/m68k kernel versions, and for late 2.1 kernels on most other architectures. [3]

linux console (fbcon) TV application TV application for the linux console, requires a framebuffer device (vesafb, matroxfb, atyfb, ...) and a video4linux driver like bttv. [3]

Federal Criteria [for information technology security] (NIST, USA) [95]

Feedback Control [95]

Fibre Channel [95]

Frame Control (FDDI, Token Ring) [95]

Flow Control Ack (DLSW) [95]

Fibre Channel - Arbitrated Loop, "FC-AL" [95]

Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security [management areas] [95]

File Control Block (DOS) [95]

File Control BlockS (DOS) [95]

Federal Communications Commission (org., USA) [95]

Forward Carbon Copy (DFUe) [95]

Frequency Correction CHannel (GSM, mobile-systems) [95]

Fundacao para a Computacao Cientifica Nacional (org., Portugal) [95]

Floating Car Data [95]

The default editor for the fc builtin command. [40]

First Come, First Served [95]

IDS filesystem baseline integrity checker. The fcheck utility is an IDS (Intrusion Detection System) which can be used to monitor changes to any given filesystem. Essentially, fcheck has the ability to monitor directories, files or complete filesystems for any additions, deletions, and modifications. It is configurable to exclude active log files, and can be ran as often as needed from the command line or cron making it extremely difficult to circumvent. [3]

Fibre Channel Interface [95]

Flow Control Indicator (DLSW) [95]

Forward Cache Identifier (CATNIP) [95]

Free media files for FreeCraft. These are a set of free sounds and graphics for FreeCraft, a clone of the realtime fantasy strategy game, WarCraft II, from Blizzard Entertainment. These files come from the FreeCraft Media Project, reachable at http://www.freecraft.net/fcmp . Note that this version contains almost all the files needed for a fair game experience, and has not anything to do with WarCraft II data (in fact spoofs it), as it's completely free. This is the last stable snapshot from the CVS repository. [3]

Flow Control Operator Bits (DLSW) [95]

[SCSI-3] Fibre Channel Protocol (SAM) [95]

Flip Chip Pin Grid Array (CPU), "FC-PGA" [95]

Fibre Channel PHysical and signaling interface (SAM), "FC-PH" [95]

Flow Change Request [message] (LFAP) [95]

cron-like scheduler with extended capabilities Fcron is a scheduler. It implements most of Vixie Cron's functionalities. But contrary to Vixie Cron, fcron does not need your system to be up 7 days a week, 24 hours a day: it also works well with systems which are running neither all the time nor regularly. Fcron also includes a useful system of options, such as: run jobs one by one, run jobs at fcron's startup if they should have been run during system down time, a better management of the mailing of outputs, set a nice value for a job... [3]

Fast Circuit Switching [95]

First Customer Ship (IBM) [95]

Frame Check Sequence (FDDI, Token Ring) [95]

Frame Check Sum (MODEM) [95]

Fd Linux is a very tiny floppy distribution of Linux, set to fit on one floppy disk (kernel and root fs are combined!). All binaries are based on Red Hat. Version 2.1-0 was released March 12, 2002. Version 3.0-0 was released March 10, 2003. A floppy-based distribution. [33]

C malloc debug library Provides routines that can be plugged in to replace malloc(), realloc(), calloc(), and free(). If you're not debugging, and an allocation fails, FDA will call user supplied callbacks to allow you to free up some memory or shut down the program cleanly -- this means you don't have to check the return values from malloc if you don't want to. For debugging FDA provides a nice toolkit for validating pointers, checking for leaks, gathering memory statistics, bounds checking and other nice things. FDA uses shredding, prefix and postfix signatures, and a liberal amount of predicate asserts. [3]

FORTRAN Design Aid (FORTRAN) [95]

Functional Data ADministrator [95]

Floppy Disk Controller (FDD) [95]

A console-base lightweight file manager FD(FD represents "File and Directory") is an easy-to-use file management tool for Un*x newbies. As its name shows, this is a rewrite from scratch - the original version was written by Atsushi Idei for MS-DOS(tm) and once very popular in Japan. Messages are available either in English or in Japanese. [3]

Fast Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) [95]

Floppy Disk Drive [95]

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (ANSI, ISO 8314) [95]

A standard for transmitting data on optical fiber cables at a rate of around 100,000,000 bits-per-second (10 times as fast as 10-BaseTEthernet, about twice as fast as T-3). See also: Ethernet, T-3 [5]

FDDI Twisted Pair-Physical layer, Medium Dependent, "FDDI TP-PMD" [95]

Full Duplex Ethernet (ethernet) [95]

Full Duplex EtherSwitch (Kalpana) [95]

A disk-flushing program. fdflush is a band-aid for floppy (or other) drivers with bad disk-change sensing. fdflush makes the system believe the disk-change switch has been triggered forcing the system to discard the buffered data. If you have one of these slightly-broken disk drives, you'll have to run fdflush every time you change a disk [3]

Low-level formats a floppy disk [34]

[fachverband der ] Fuehrungskraefte der Druckindustrie und Informationsverarbeitung (org.) [95]

Partition table manipulator for Linux [34]

File Definition Language [95]

Free Documentation License (GNU) [95]

Floppy disk mount utility TQ [34]

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) [95]

Frequency Division Multiple Access (mobile-systems) [95]

Floppy disk mount utility TQ [34]

Floppy disk mount utility TQ [34]

Functional Device Object [95]

send raw commands to the floppy disk controller TQ [34]

Formal Description Technique [95]

Floppy disk mount utility TQ [34]

Identifies duplicate files within given directories. FDupes uses md5sums and then a byte by byte comparison to find duplicate files within a set of directories. It has several useful options including recursion. [3]

Linux floppy utilities This package contains utilities for configuring and debugging the Linux floppy driver, for formatting extra capacity disks (up to 1992K on a high density disk), for sending raw commands to the floppy controller, for automatic floppy disk mounting and unmounting, etc. Author: alain@linux.lu Released-date: 1999-07-03 Keywords: floppy 2m xdf superformat floppycontrol fdrawcmd URL: http://www.tux.org/pub/knaff/fdutils/ [3]

configure the suid bit of fdmount [34]

Full DupleX [95]

Forschung und Entwicklung, "F&E" [95]

Functional Entity (IN) [95]

Functional Entity Action (IN, UNI) [95]

Fast Data Encipherment Algorithm (DES, cryptography) [95]

Fast Data Enciphering Algorithm (cryptography) [95]

Far End Block Error (SONET) [95]

Forward Error Correction (GSM, mobile-systems) [95]

Forward Explicit Congestion Notification (ATM) [95]

??? [95]

imlib2 based image viewer feh is a fast, lightweight image viewer which uses imlib2. It is commandline-driven and supports multiple images through slideshows, thumbnail browsing or multiple windows, and montages or index prints (using truetype fonts to display file info). Advanced features include fast dynamic zooming, progressive loading, loading via HTTP (with reload support for watching webcams), recursive file opening (slideshow of a directory hierarchy), and mousewheel/keyboard control. [3]

Fujitsu Enhanced Imaging Technology (Fujitsu) [95]

File Encryption Key (cryptography) [95]

Package for introductory level finite element analysis. FElt is a free system for introductory level finite element analysis. It is primarily intended as a teaching tool for introductory type courses in finite elements - probably in the mechanical/structural/civil fields. In a command line environment, FElt uses an intuitive, straightforward input syntax to describe problems. It also includes a graphical user interface for workstations that allows the user to set-up, solve and post-process the problem in a single CAD-like environment. [3]

Finite Elemente Methode [95]

Free-net Erlangen/Nuernberg [95]

Front End Processor [95]

Forward Error Correction (satellite) [95]

Far End Receive Failure (UNI, ATM, SONET, OAM) [95]

Ferite programming language Ferite is a language that incorporates the design philosophies of other languages, but without many of their drawbacks. It has strong similiarities to perl, python, C, Java and pascal, while being both lightweight, modular, and embeddable. This package contains the ferite language interpreter. [3]

maintain and setup complicated firewall rules ferm allows one to reduce the tedious task of carefully inserting rules and chains by a large factor, thus enabling the firewall administrator to spend more time on developing good rules then the proper implementation of the rule. ferm supports ipchains firewalls, ipfwadm rules and iptables firewalls. Changing to another system will be very easy, and ferm will help in the process. ferm compiles ready to go firewall-rules from a structured rule- setup. These rules will be executed by the preferred kernel interface, such as ipchains(8) and iptables(8). ferm will also add in modularizing firewalls, because it creates the possibility to split up the firewall into several different files, which can be reloaded at will, so you can dynamically adjust your rules. ferm, pronounced "firm", stands for "For Easy Rule Making". [3]

Federacion Espanola de Sociedades de Informatica (org., Spain) [95]

speech synthesis system Festival is a general multi-lingual speech synthesis system. It offers a full text to speech system with various APIs, as well an environment for development and research of speech synthesis techniques. It includes a Scheme-based command interpreter. Besides research into speech synthesis, festival is useful as a stand-alone speech synthesis program. It is capable of producing clearly understandable speech from text. [3]

Field Effect Transistor [95]

Fetchmail is a remote mail retrieval and forwarding utility intended for use over on-demand TCP/IP links, like SLIP or PPP connections. Fetchmail supports every remote-mail protocol currently in use on the Internet (POP2, POP3, RPOP, APOP, KPOP, all IMAPs, ESMTP ETRN, IPv6,and IPSEC) for retrieval. Then Fetchmail forwards the mail through SMTP so you can read it through your favorite mail client. Install fetchmail if you need to retrieve mail over SLIP or PPP connections. [93]

POP3, APOP, IMAP mail gatherer/forwarder (crypto-crippled binary) fetchmail is a free, full-featured, robust, and well-documented remote mail retrieval and forwarding utility intended to be used over on-demand TCP/IP links (such as SLIP or PPP connections). It retrieves mail from remote mail servers and forwards it to your local (client) machine's delivery system, so it can then be read by normal mail user agents such as mutt, elm, pine, (x)emacs/gnus, or mailx. The fetchmailconf package includes an interactive GUI configurator suitable for end-users. Kerberos IV & V, RPA, OPIE and GSSAPI support are available if the package is recompiled. SSL is provided by the fetchmail-ssl package. [3]

Form(ular) Feed [95]

File Format API (MS, API) [95]

Fully Formed Character [printer] [95]

First Failure Data Capture [95]

FDDI Full Duplexing Technology (FDDI) [95]

a secure finger daemon ffingerd is a secure fingerd replacement. This version of the finger daemon is invoked by inetd, but it's not meant to be run as root. Requests that may indicate attacks are logged by ffinger through the syslog(3) facility. [3]

FDDI Follow-On-LAN [95]

Fallback Fault-tolerant Server (IBM, OS/2) [95]

Fast File System (Amiga, Commodore) [95]

Fast Filing System (BSD, Unix) [95]

Flexible Fertigungs-Systeme [95]

First Failure Support Technology /2 (IBM), "FFST/2" [95]

Final Form Text [95]

Library for computing Fast Fourier Transforms This library computes Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) in one or more dimensions. It is extremely fast. This package contains the shared library version of the fftw libraries in double precision. To get the static library and the header files you need to install fftw-dev. [3]

A built-in shell command that will take a suspended process and run it in the foreground.[32]

Future Graphics Adapter (Spea) [95]

print the number of the active VT. [34]

Fifth Generation Computer Systems [project] (ICOT) [95]

Flight Gear Flight Simulator -- base files Flight Gear is a free and highly sophisticated flight simulator. This package contains graphics, sounds, aircraft models, and the minimum scenery you need to start Flight Gear. [3]

Fixed Global Regular Expression Print (Unix, GREP) [95]

print lines matching a pattern [34]

FreeHand Graphics Studio (Macromedia, DTP) [95]

File history, comparison and merge utilities The fhist package contains 3 utilities fhist - a file history tool fcomp - a file comparison tool fmerge - a file merging tool All three are bundled together, because they all use the same minimal-difference algorithm. [3]

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (WLAN) [95]

Fiberoptic Industry Association (org.) [95]

The transport fibres of glass or plastic that are enclosed by material of a lower index of refraction and that transmit light throughout their length by internal reflections. These fibres are bundled into cables and are capable of transmitting very large amounts of digital information (data) in both directions with very little loss in signal quality. [44]

FInanzBUchhaltung [95]

First International Computer [inc.] (manufacturer) [95]

File IDentifier (APDU) [95]

File Identifier Descriptor (UDF, CD-R) [95]

Gnome Hotline client. For more info on what Hotline is, see <http://www.bigredh.com/>. Essentially it is a file-sharing and communication protocol that lets you share your files, post messages, and chat realtime. [3]

FIlter Device Object, "FiDO" [95]

Gateway Fido <-> Internet Fidogate is a Fido-Internet gateway and a Fido tosser. The gateway converts between the worlds of Fido NetMail/EchoMail (or FTNs, Fido Technology Networks in general) and the UNIX mail/news system. FIDOGATE will convert Fido mail packets to RFC822/1036-style messages and vice versa. FIDOGATE also includes a complete FIDO mail processor (NetMail/EchoMail scanner and tosser), an FTN-FTN gateway (NetMail only), a file processor (TIC file areas) and an Areafix/Filefix. Supports the Gatebau 94 standard. [3]

A set of data exchange standards and procedures that permit privately operated copmuter bulletin board systems (BBSs) to exchange data, files, and electronic mail internationally, using the world telephone syste. At an agreed-on time when telephone rates are low, subscribing BBSs send e-mail messages and files to a regional host, which in turn distributes them to other bulletin boards. Responses, or echoes eventually find their way back to the host bulletin board. A popular Fidonet feature is EchoMail, a set of moderated conferences that cover a variety of popular subjects, such as Star Trek, model aircraft, and political issues. [39]

In text-processing, a segment of a line of text that may be named and processed by a program. The sort program can use fields when it sorts lines in a file. In Linux, fields are usually separated by spaces or tab. [32]

A character, also called a delimiter, that is used to separate one field from another. The default field separator for many programs, such as sort, is a blank space (or a tab). [32]

Fractal Interchange Format [95]

Forum Informatikerinnen Fuer den Frieden (org.) [95]

First In First Out (CPU) [95]

fifteen pieces puzzle for KDE An applet for the KDE panel that lets you play the Fifteen Pieces sliding block puzzle. You have to order 15 pieces in a 4x4 square by moving them around. This package is part of the official KDE toys module. [3]

Forth Interest Group (org., Forth) [95]

Frank, Ian & Glenn's Letters Figlet is a program that creates large characters out of ordinary screen characters. It can create characters in many different styles and can kern and "smush" these characters together in various ways. Figlet output is generally reminiscent of the sort of "signatures" many people like to put at the end of e-mail and Usenet messages. [3]

Frank, Ian and Glenn's LETters (ASCII, fonts) [95]

an X11 vector graphics drawing program figurine is an X drawing program that is compatible with the xfig application. figurine is intended to be easier to use than xfig, while providing a similar set of features. [3]

A document or other collection of information stored on a disk and identified as a unit by a unique name. When you save a file, the disk may scatter the data among dozens or even hundreds of noncontiguous clusters. The file allocation table (FAT) is an index of the order in which those clusters are linked to equal a file. To the user, however files appear as units on disk directories and are retreived and copied as units. [39]

A piece of data stored as a single addressable object on a file system. Files can be executable, text or binary-based, and can also represent computer system hardware to be controlled by the operating system. [94]

Determines file type using "magic" numbers File tests each argument in an attempt to classify it. There are three sets of tests, performed in this order: filesystem tests, magic number tests, and language tests. The first test that succeeds causes the file type to be printed. [3]

Free Internet Lexicon and Encyclopedia (WWW, DICT) [95]

The file command is used to identify a file according to the type of data it contains. File can identify many different file types, including ELF binaries, system libraries, RPM packages, and different graphics formats. [93]

The file command is used to identify a particular file according to thetype of data contained by the file. File can identify many different file types, including ELF binaries, system libraries, RPM packages, and different graphics formats. You should install the file package, since the file command is such a useful utility. [4]

A special file located in sector 0 on a disk that contains information about the sizes and locations of files stored on a disk. [94]

A hidden code, stored with a file's directory, that contains the file's read-only or archive status and whether the file is a system, hidden, or directory archive. See archive attribute, hidden file, loacked file, and read-only attribute. [39]

A utility program, such as PKZIP, StuffIt or DriveSpace, that compresses and decompresses infrequently used files so that they take up to 40 to 90 percent less rooom on a hard disk. You use another utilit to decompress a file. Specialty file compression utilities that compress only certain types of files, such as downloadable font files, are also available. These programs usually load a special driver that remains in memory to decompress and recompress the files as needed. See archive, bulletin board system (BBSs), and compressed file. [39]

A utility program that converts text or graphoics files created with one program to the file format used by another program. The best application programs now include a conversion utility that can handle a dozen or more file formats. [39]

In filenames, the group of letters after the period is called the file extension.[32]

The patterns and standards that a program uses to store data on disk. Few programs store data in ASCII format. Most use a proprietry file format that other programs cannot read, ensuring that customers continue to use the company's progam and enabling the progammers to include special features that standard formats might not allow. See file conversion utilitu and native file format. [39]

The allocation of a file in noncontiguoug sectors on a floppy or hard disk. Fragmentation occues because of multiple file delections and write operations. File gramentattion can seriously reduce disk efficiency, because a disk drive's rad/write head must travel longer distances to retreive a file that's scattered all over the disk. Defragmenting can improve disk efficiency by as much as 50 percent by rewriting files so that they are placed in contiguous clusters. See defragmentation. [39]

Often, one would like a process to have exclusive access to a file. By this we mean that only one process can access the file at any one time. Consider a mail folder: if two processes were to write to the folder simultaneously, it could become corrupted. We also sometimes want to ensure that a program can never be run twice at the same time; this insurance is another use for 'locking.'' In the case of a mail folder, if the file is being written to, then no other process should try read it or write to it: and we would like to create a write lock on the file. However if the file is being read from, no other process should try to write to it: and we would like to create a read lock on the file. Write locks are sometimes called exclusive locks; read locks are sometimes called shared locks. Often, exclusive locks are preferred for simplicity. Locking can be implemented by simply creating a temporary file to indicate to other processes to wait before trying some kind of access. UNIX also has some more sophisticated builtin functions. [40]

On a network, a method of concurrency control that ensures the integrity of data. File locking prevents moe than one user from accessing and altering a file at the same time. See Local Area Network (LAN). [39]

software that allows you to select, copy, move, and open files and directories in a graphical environment. [32] Examples of file managers on Linux include konqueror for KDE and mc (Midnight Commander). The Windows equivalent would be Windows Explorer. [28]

The name given to a file to distinguish one piece of data from others. Modern operating systems such as Red Hat Linux allow long and descriptive file names with few restrictions (for example, all alphanumeric characters and spaces are allowed). [94]

Each file on a system is owned by a particular user and also owned by a particular group. When you run ls -al, you can see the user that owns the file in the third column and the group that owns the file in the fourth column (these will often be identical, indicating that the file's group is a group to which only the user belongs). To change the ownership of the file, simply use the chown, change ownerships, command as follows. chown <user>[:<group>] <filename> [40]

A process that provides access to a file from remote devices. [32]

In a Local Area Network (LAN), a computer that stoes on its hard disk the application programs and data files for all workstations in the network. In a peer-to-peer network, all workstations act as file servers, because each workstattion can provide files to other workstations. In the more common client/server architecure, a single, high-powered machine with a huge hard disk is set aside to functino as the file server for all the workstations (clients) in the network. See Network Operating System (NOS). [39]

A set of programs that tells an operating system how to access and interpret the contents of a disk or tape drive, or other storage medium. Common file systems include: FAT and FAT-32 (DOS/Windows), HPFS (OS/2), NFS, NTFS (Windows NT/2000), and others. [8]

The method in which an operating system organizes and manages files. Red Hat Linux uses a hierarchical file system in which files are stored in directories and subdirectories. [94]

the physical or logical device that holds a collection of files and directories. This might be a hard disk drive or a partition on a disk drive. [32]

A protocol used for transferring files between machines on networks such as LANs and the Internet. In a typical FTP session, a client logs onto an FTP server, views directory listings, and downloads files from the server. FTP sessions can either be anonymous or require authentication for access. [94]

A description of the function of a file. These types include ordinary files, directories, and special files, which represent devices in the system. [32]

kanji code checker This package contains file2. File2 tests each argument in an attempt to classify it to JIS, EUC, SJIS, ascii and UNKNOWN. [3]

Alternative boot mechanism using a single configuration file This package provides an alternative mechanism to boot the system, to shut it down and to change runlevels. The /etc/rc?.d/* links will be converted into one single configuration file /etc/runlevel.conf instead, which is easier to administrate than symlinks, and is also more flexible. The package will automatically convert your existing symlinks into the file method on installation, and convert the file back into symlinks on removal. Both mechanisms are compatible through /etc/init.d/rc, /etc/init.d/rcS, /usr/sbin/update-rc.d, and /usr/sbin/invoke-rc.d scripts. [3]

File Roller is an archive manager for the GNOME environment. This means that you can : create and modify archives; view the content of an archive; view afile contained in the archive; extract files from the archive. File Roller is only a front-end (a graphical interface) to archiving programs like tar and zip. The supported file types are : Tar archives uncompressed (.tar) or compressed with gzip (.tar.gz , .tgz), bzip (.tar.bz , .tbz), bzip2 (.tar.bz2 , .tbz2), compress (.tar.Z , .taz), lzop (.tar.lzo , .tzo), Zip archives (.zip), Jar archives (.jar , .ear , .war), Lha archives (.lzh), Rar archives (.rar), Single files compressed with gzip, bzip, bzip2, compress, lzop [4]

allows you to configure how files of various types should be handled. [34]

A directory navigation GNOME applet. File Menu Applet is a small GNOME panel application which creates a file manager. File Menu Applet is not designed to replace your existing file manager, but instead work with it. It supports standard drag and drop, GNOME file types, and Nautilus icons. One may use it for small tasks such a easily attaching files to emails in Evolution or Sylpheed by dragging them out of File Menu Applet into the composer window. It's also excellent for selecting songs to play from your MP3 or OGG collection. [3]

A unique name assigned to a file when the file is written on a disk. [39]

X-Based FTP program & file manager FileRunner is an X-Based FTP program. It gives you a windowed view of files on your local system and a remote system. It allows transferring multiple files at once, tagging of files, etc. [3]

Common to every computer system invented is the file. A file holds a single contiguous block of data. Any kind of data can be stored in a file, and there is no data that cannot be stored in a file. Furthermore, there is no kind of data that is stored anywhere else except in files. A file holds data of the same type, for instance, a single picture will be stored in one file. During production, this book had each chapter stored in a file. It is uncommon for different types of data (say, text and pictures) to be stored together in the same file because it is inconvenient. A computer will typically contain about 10,000 files that have a great many purposes. Each file will have its own name. The file name on a LINUX or UNIX machine can be up to 256 characters long. [40]

The methods and data structures that an operating system uses to keep track of files on a disk or partition; the way the files are organized on the disk. Also used to describe a partition or disk that is used to store the files or the type of the filesystem. [68]

Small utility to keep track of changes in config files. FileTraq is just a shell script that reads a list of files to watch, runs diff against each file and its backup, and reports any discrepancies, along with keeping a dated backup of the original. It's designed to be run as a cron job. [3]

GNU file management utilities This package contains the essential system utilities to manipulate files on your system. Included in this package are commands to change the permissions on files, list the files in a directory, create new directories, and list free disk space, among other things. The specific utilities included are: chgrp chmod chown cp dd df dir dircolors du install ln ls mkdir mkfifo mknod mv rm rmdir shred touch vdir sync. [3]

The fileutils package includes a number of GNU versions of common andpopular file management utilities. Fileutils includes the following tools: chgrp (changes a file's group ownership), chown (changes a file's ownership), chmod (changes a file's permissions), cp (copies files), dd (copies and converts files), df (shows a filesystem's diskusage), dir (gives a brief directory listing), dircolors (the setup program for the color version of the ls command), du (shows disk usage), install (copies files and sets permissions), ln (creates file links), ls (lists directory contents), mkdir (creates directories),mkfifo (creates FIFOs or named pipes), mknod (creates special files),mv (renames files), rm (removes/deletes files), rmdir (removes empty directories), sync (synchronizes memory and disk), touch (changes file timestamps), and vdir (provides long directory listings). [93]

Simple game in Java Filler is a simple two-player game written in java. The object of the game is to conquer more area of the playing board than your opponent. This game requires a java 2 runtime environment. Try www.blackdown.de or java.sun.com [3]

First In Last Out [95]

A program that filters local email via forward/pipe filter is one of the original mailfiltering programs written for UNIX. (originally a part of the 'elm' mailer) Install it via a pipe(|) reference in $HOME/.forward, and let it separate your incoming email into different personal mailboxes. [3]

A program that reads data (from a file, program output or command line entry) as input, processes it according to a set of predefined conditions (for example, sorted alphabetically) and outputs the processed data. Some filters include Awk, Grep, Sed and Sort. [8]

A program that takes a set of data (usually in a file) as input, processes the data, and makes the processed data its output. Some examples of filters include grep, sort, awk, and sed. [32]

Any utility program that functions automatically to screen data. In electronic mail, you can use a filter to delete unwanted messages automatically. [39]

Hardware or software designed to restrict access to certain areas on the Internet. [44]

A filtering proxy, which can among other things remove ads. FilterProxy is a Perl script that acts as a generic web proxy. It is unique in that it allows "Modules" to be installed that can perform arbitrary transformations on HTML(or any other mime-type). Currently it filters ads, and compresses HTML content (for a 5-1 speedup on modems!) Configuration is done with web forms. [3]

a collection of filters, including B1FF and the Swedish Chef A collection of filters to do all sorts of strange things to text. This includes such favorites as B1FF and the Swedish Chef, and a wide range of others. [3]

Financial Institution Message Authentication Standard (banking, ANSI) [95]

search for files in a directory hierarchy [34]

translate find command lines to Perl code [34]

Interactive spelling checking [34]

Finds visually similar or duplicate images findimagedupes is a commandline utility which performs a rough "visual diff" to two images. This allows you to compare two images or a whole tree of images and determine if any are similar or identical. The program can optionally export a GQView compatible collection file, so you can deal with the duplicates visually. On common image types, findimagedupes seems to be around 98% accurate. [3]

The findutils package contains programs which will help you locatefiles on your system. The find utility searches through a hierarchy of directories looking for files which match a certain set of criteria(such as a filename pattern). The locate utility searches a database (create by updatedb) to quickly find a file matching a given pattern. The xargs utility builds and executes command lines from standard input arguments (usually lists of file names generated by the findcommand). You should install find utils because it includes tools that are very useful for finding things on your system. [4]

The findutils package contains programs which will help you locatefiles on your system. The find utility searches through a hierarchy of directories looking for files which match a certain set of criteria (such as a filename pattern). The xargs utility builds and executescommand lines from standard input arguments (usually lists of filenames generated by the find command). [93]

utilities for finding files--find, xargs, and locate These utilities find files meeting specified criteria and perform various actions on the files which are found. [3]

A Unix command that provides information about users logged in, and can also be used to retrieve the .plan and .project files from a users home directory. [42]

A user information lookup program that shows a person's full name, most recent log-in time, and other information. [32]

An Internet software tool for locating people on other Internet sites. Finger is also sometimes used to give access to non-personal information, but the most common use is to see if a person has an account at a particular Internet site. Many sites do not allow incoming Finger requests, but many do. [5]

An Internet utility that enables you to obtain information about a use who has an electronic mail addrss. Normally, this infromation is limited to the person's full name, job titile, and address. However, the use can set up finger to retrieve one or more text files that contain information (such as a resume) that the user wants to make public. [39]

Finger is a utility that displays information about system users (login name, home directory, name, how long they have been logged in, etc.). The finger package includes a standard finger client. You should install finger if you would like to retrieve finger information from other systems. [93]

In UNIX, the finger service provides information about a users. Fingering a user, such as running the command "finger rob@robertgraham.com", will often display the contents of the .plan file. Fingering no specific user, such as finger @robertgraham.com, will list all the users who are logged on. Fingering users is often done during the reconnaissance phase of an attack. Example: The following shows the output of the command "finger rob@rh5.robertgraham.com": Login: rob Name: Robert David Graham Directory: /home/rob Shell: /bin/bash On since Fri Dec 3 18:13 (PST) on ttyp0 from gemini No mail. No Plan Key point: The finger command reveals extensive information. For example, if I were attacking the above machine, I would notice that the user is running bash Therefore, I may try something like http://rh5.robertgraham.com/ against the user, which in about 1% of the cases will give me a history file of recent commands they've entered, which may contain passwords and such. Key point: There are a number of fun things you can do with finger. The first is that you can use the "finger bounce" technique. Finger servers will often forward requests for you. The command: finger rob@robertgraham.com@example.com will query example.com for rob@robertgraham.com. You can use this technique to hide where your are coming from. On some systems, you can do a DoS attack by sending a finger command like: finger rob@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@robertgraham.com causing the system to go into a loop trying to resolve this. There are also special names you can finger. An empty name will sometimes list the currently logged on users, or sometimes all users with accounts on a machine. The special names of "0", "*", "**" will sometimes have similar effects. [96]

User information lookup program. finger displays information about the system users. [3]

[WAITS, via BSD Unix] 1. n. A program that displays information about a particular user or all users logged on the system, or a remote system. Typically shows full name, last login time, idle time, terminal line,